You are lying on the ground or on your hands and knees.
You gain Advantage on all saving throws against non-Curse, non-Area ranged attacks.
You are Flat-Footed against all melee weapon attacks.
You take a -4 Penalty to all non-Area melee attack rolls you make, and any attacks you make using a Shortbow, Longbow, or Thrown weapon.
You can only move by Crawling, and cannot Step. If you have a Burrow or Fly speed, you can use those instead of Crawling, if the situation allows for it.
The Ground Fighter Skill Feat can ameliorate some of these effects.